规划设计

干改冷可行性分析与关注要点

2022-06-07 429 本站
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%;background:rgb(255,255,255)"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660027632988574.png" title="1660027632988574.png" alt="1660027632988574.png" width="497" height="649" style="width: 497px; height: 649px;"/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">Co-elite冷链社群是由冷库视界组建的致力于开展冷链行业上下游知识、经验、技术、洞察和资讯交流与分享活动的线上社群,群内人群主要分为甲方货主、技术、规建、工程、投资、物流、供应链板块负责人,也有相关工程、技术、设备服务商高管与资深人士、行业专家等。</span><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">冷库视界将不定期邀请到群内成员为大家分享行业洞察与思考、优秀案例、管理模式等助力企业自我改进。</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">本期我们有幸邀请到</span><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">天大设计院王丽文教授</span></strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">来为我们做一场</span><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">关于干改冷分析的深度分享</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">,王教授在暖通空调领域从事专业设计与咨询工作已长达10年。在干改冷工程项目中亦有丰富的实战经验。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">一、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">干改冷宏观背景</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">2021年12月13日国务院办公厅关于印发“十四五”冷链物流发展规划的通知中指出,近年来,我国肉类、水果、蔬菜、水产品、乳品、速冻食品以及疫苗、生物制剂、药品等冷链产品市场需求快速增长,行业规模显著扩大,营商环境持续改善,推动冷链物流较快发展,但仍面临不少突出瓶颈和痛点难点卡点问题,难以有效满足市场需求。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">针对现实问题,规划中明确了冷链物流体系的总体布局暨打造“321”冷链物流运行体系、构建“四横四纵”国家冷链物流骨干通道网络、夯实农产品产地冷链物流基础、完善产地冷链物流设施布局、建设产地冷链集配中心、完善销地冷链物流网络、推进销地冷链集配中心建设、在消费规模和物流中转规模较大的城市新建和改扩建一批销地冷链集配中心。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660027659204995.png" title="1660027659204995.png" alt="1660027659204995.png" width="497" height="406" style="width: 497px; height: 406px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">“四横四纵”国家冷链物流骨干通道网络</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">2021年1月至5月,各省市相继出台冷链相关政策,各地政府推出冷链实施案及政策补贴和奖励等措施。近期财政办公厅和商务部办公厅联合发布《关于支持加快农产品供应链体系建设进一步促进冷链物流发展的通知》,明确通过两年的时间推动完善农产品冷链物流基础设施,并出台了相关支持政策。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">上述背景下,</span><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">冷链物流迎来了前所未有的发展机遇。</span></strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">大型冷链物流园的建设通常投资大、周期长,尽管如此,全国各地陆续正在建设或规划建设若干大型物流园;但对于城市或区县级冷链配送,由于土地规划现状的限制,新建冷库受到种种制约,因而大量干仓改冷库的项目应运而生。近年来,顺丰、京东、远洋物流、宝湾等各大物流运营商相继在各地已有物流院内进行干改冷,同时,北京亚冷、上海启橙等新兴国际供应链管理公司也相继在全国各地新建或改造冷库。在干改冷项目的设计过程中,遇到一些问题,同时也总结一些经验,在此与大家一起分享。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">二、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">干改冷关注点与分析</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">1.1&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">选址-交通便利性</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">无论是新建还是改建库,都存在选址的问题。需要关注项目距离高速公路、铁路、机场、港口的距离,同时也要关注项目距离进货渠道,消费地的远近。冷库的选址需要满足服务产、销运输的便利性。图1是我院在江西南昌的一个项目。虽然案例是新建库,但干改冷仓库同理。此库距离高速公路2公路,项目西南侧紧邻全南县城。此外如果选址周边有其它若干冷库。就要考虑其它备选位置。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660027694803534.png" title="1660027694803534.png" alt="1660027694803534.png" width="497" height="349" style="width: 497px; height: 349px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">图1-全南县中心城区土地使用规划图</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">1.2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">选址-周边环境</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">冷库选址需要考虑城市远期发展规划。前期可能居民居住分散,但后期因为规划、城市发展的原因发展条件会越来越好,冷库选址时应予以考虑。此外还需查看周边是否有化工厂等污染源。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">1.3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">选址-园区配套设施</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">干仓改造成冷库对园区电量增容需求很大,在改造前需要落实园区电容量大小。干改冷占地面积不宜过大。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">用地性质</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">改造前需要明确用地性质,一般分为工业用地、物流用地和商业用地。三种用地从设计规范来看均可以建冷库。但针对不同的用地性质会有一定限制要求。例如,通常商业用地的冷库会出现在农批市场业态,因农批市场除具有冷库仓储职能外,通常还配套有农产品交易中心,故冷库的占地面积不宜过大;针对工业用地的冷库改造需求,根据各地规定不同,冷库的面积大小可能需要配合企业单日产能的存储量。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">报规与消防报审</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">干改冷时如果改变了建筑物使用性质或增加了面积,需要到当地规划部门报审。关于消防审批,2021年冷库设计新规实施以来,发生了较大的变化;但因各地规定不同,在报审前建议跟当地消防审查和验收部门提前沟通。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">4.1&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">规划总图-动线规划</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">干改冷的项目一般会选择园区中的一栋仓库作为冷库。选择的冷库距离园区的出入口要近,同时在规划时要考虑园区动线的合理性,避免车流、人流交叉。生产加工设施还要满足生产工艺动线布局。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660027762211013.png" title="1660027762211013.png" alt="1660027762211013.png" width="497" height="405" style="width: 497px; height: 405px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">园区总平面图</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">4.2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">规划总图-装卸货回车场</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">总图规划时也要考虑冷库回车场的宽度,虽然一般城市配送型冷库出货时采用中小型车辆,但进货时有可能采用大型集装箱冷藏车,故冷库月台前的停车场就要保证足够的宽度。常规来说单侧月台规划时不低于28米,双侧月台不低于60米。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img width="1" height="1" src="http://lksj.rpxpx.com/core/extend/ueditor/themes/default/images/spacer.gif" word_img="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/ksohtml5444/wps207.jpg" style="background:url(http://lksj.rpxpx.com/core/extend/ueditor/themes/default/images/word.gif) no-repeat center center;border:1px solid #ddd"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;<img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660027976719550.png" title="1660027976719550.png" alt="1660027976719550.png" width="497" height="275" style="width: 497px; height: 275px;"/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">回车场双月台宽度</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">4.3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">规划总图-变电站与冷库的相对位置</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">距离尽可能要短,以减少电力增容所产生的电缆费用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">5.1&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">单体冷库建筑规划-库房布局</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">a)库型合理:库区进深距离不宜过长,否则会造成取货路线变长,物流作业效率降低,同时需要配置适当面积的理货区。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">b)动线流畅:进货、取货、发货等通道区域尽量减少拐角、柱等数量,保持通行无障碍,此外应对通道区域柱等部位加装保护设施。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">c)叉车充电区:是否设置独立的区域,各地规定不同,需要咨询当地相关部门。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">5.2</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">单体冷库建筑规划</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">库房层高</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">随着冷库存储货物包装的标准化和冷库物流自动化程度的提高,1.5/1.8m标准货架得到普遍应用,传统6m左右层高的库房已不适应目前冷链行业的发展(农批市场内货物散堆的冷库也可能仍然采用6米左右层高),冷库净高建议达到8~10米。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660027923206924.png" title="1660027923206924.png" alt="1660027923206924.png" width="497" height="373" style="width: 497px; height: 373px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">冷藏间内部</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">5.3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">单体冷库建筑规划</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">-</span></strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">冷库保温门、快速提升门与回笼间</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">图2是常见的干改冷改造项目。在穿堂一侧设置了快速提升保温门,在冷藏间一侧设置了冷库保温门,一方面可以延长频繁开启的快速门的寿命,另一方有利于提高快速提升保温门与保温板之间的密闭性。图3是回笼间示意图,回笼间设置的目的是使从库门越过空气幕进入库内的热湿空气,控制在一个较小范围内,减少库内结霜现象和温、湿度波动。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><br/></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028030882880.png" style="width: 263px; height: 220px;" title="1660028030882880.png" width="263" height="220" alt="1660028030882880.png"/></p><p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">(图2)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028030170513.png" title="1660028030170513.png" width="263" height="218" alt="1660028030170513.png" style="width: 263px; height: 218px;"/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">(图3)</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">5.4&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">单体冷库建筑规划-月台</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">月台高度及升降机位的高度应考虑不同规格冷藏车的适用性,并应封闭处理。图4对应不同月台高度的情况,图5对应相同月台高度情况。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028096967263.png" style="width: 263px; height: 220px;" title="1660028096967263.png" width="263" height="220" alt="1660028096967263.png"/></p><p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">(图4)不同月台高度卸货口</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;"><br/></span></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028096446483.png" title="1660028096446483.png" width="263" height="221" alt="1660028096446483.png" style="width: 263px; height: 221px;"/></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">(图5)相同</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; letter-spacing: 0px;">月台高度卸货口</span></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; letter-spacing: 0px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">5.5&nbsp;单体冷库建筑规划-保温结构</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">a)<strong>材料应用</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:微软雅黑">冷库建设在选择材料、设备及验收报规等时应严格遵循国家的法令、法规、标准要求,</span> <span style="font-family:微软雅黑">库板及制冷系统的保温材料应采用B1及以上级别的材料。可采用聚氨酯喷涂、聚氨酯保温板、挤塑板等。库体与外围护结构(外墙和屋顶)之间以及冷藏库之间的隔墙均应按照规范的要求设置相应厚度的保温隔层。当屋顶采用保温板隔热时,尚应预留屋面上升通道并采取散热措施。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028161198358.png" style="width: 263px; height: 220px;" title="1660028161198358.png" width="263" height="220" alt="1660028161198358.png"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028161727098.png" title="1660028161727098.png" width="263" height="219" alt="1660028161727098.png" style="width: 263px; height: 219px;"/></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">b)<strong>气密性</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">在实际项目中侧墙板和屋面板如果密封性没做好,保温结构外侧会出现凝结水。依靠传统通风很难解决,所以气密性的问题需要引起重视。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><br/></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028195955456.png" style="width: 263px; height: 220px;" title="1660028195955456.png" width="263" height="220" alt="1660028195955456.png"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028195686216.png" title="1660028195686216.png" width="263" height="219" alt="1660028195686216.png" style="width: 263px; height: 219px;"/></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">密封结构示意图</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">c)<strong>地面荷载</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">通常不低于20-30千牛/平方。(需根据高度计算5-6m)</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">d)<strong>屋顶梁结构荷载</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">应满足吊装保温板、制冷管道及制冷设备荷载的要求,库板和管道荷载通常约25公斤/平方,冷风机需要根据实际的重量确定结构荷载。未来如果考虑安装太阳能光伏板还需要纳入荷载考量。</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028234173807.png" title="1660028234173807.png" alt="1660028234173807.png" width="263" height="219" style="width: 263px; height: 219px;"/></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">吊装保温板</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028238647452.png" title="1660028238647452.png" alt="1660028238647452.png" width="263" height="220" style="width: 263px; height: 220px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">冷藏间内部<br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">e)<strong>地面保温层</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">常规冷库地基没有做过保温防冻涨处理,如果要使改建后的是大面积的低温冷库(-15~-25度),必须需要将地面做防冻涨保温处理。常见的是在回填土中预埋水泥通风管,或者采用乙二醇防冻水。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">5.6</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">单体冷库建筑规划-地坪</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">常规冷库地基没有做过保温防冻涨处理,如果要使改建后的是大面积的低温冷库(-15~-25度),必须需要将地面做防冻涨保温处理。常见的是在回填土中预埋水泥通风管,或者采用乙二醇防冻水。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028331538470.png" title="1660028331538470.png" alt="1660028331538470.png" width="374" height="421" style="width: 374px; height: 421px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">6.1</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">制冷工艺-制冷剂与载冷剂</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">新版冷库设计规范出台后,从环保角度对氟利昂制冷剂会有一定限制,新规更倾向于推荐实用二氧化碳制冷剂,同时二氧化碳也是良好的载冷剂。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028379126544.png" style="width: 263px; height: 229px;" title="1660028379126544.png" width="263" height="229" alt="1660028379126544.png"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028379181636.png" title="1660028379181636.png" width="263" height="229" alt="1660028379181636.png" style="width: 263px; height: 229px;"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028379165835.png" title="1660028379165835.png" width="236" height="229" alt="1660028379165835.png" style="width: 236px; height: 229px;"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028379790274.png" title="1660028379790274.png" width="263" height="229" alt="1660028379790274.png" style="width: 263px; height: 229px;"/><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">氟利昂-制冷剂、氨-制冷剂、二氧化碳-制冷剂/载冷剂、乙二醇-载冷剂<br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">6.2&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">制冷工艺-制冷系统方式</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">项目改建时根据冷库结构特点(单层高架或多层土建库、叉车或自动化冷库)确定不同的制冷方案(氨、氟利昂、二氧化碳,桶泵供液、直膨、复叠)。一方面受环保限制,另一方面受“双碳”的约束,目前二氧化碳和氟(氨)复叠系统越来越被市场接受,二氧化碳跨临界系统也已逐步应用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028469255394.png" title="1660028469255394.png" alt="1660028469255394.png" width="497" height="388" style="width: 497px; height: 388px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">二氧化碳复叠系统</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">7&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">制冷设备</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">在干改冷项目中,制冷系统主要的几大部件中压缩机、蒸发冷、末端蒸发器建议选择高效节能型产品。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028508807766.png" style="width: 330px; height: 229px;" title="1660028508807766.png" width="330" height="229" alt="1660028508807766.png"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028508179276.png" title="1660028508179276.png" width="280" height="229" alt="1660028508179276.png" style="width: 280px; height: 229px;"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028508112073.png" title="1660028508112073.png" width="280" height="229" alt="1660028508112073.png" style="width: 280px; height: 229px;"/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 12px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">压缩机、冷凝器、冷风机</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">8&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">其它考虑因素(双碳节能)</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">除上述提到的制冷系统节能性外。2021年10月13日,住房和城乡建设部发布《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》(以下简称“规范”)GB 55015-2021等9项强制性工程建设规范,批准《规范》为国家标准,并于2022年4月1日起开始实施,新建建筑应安装太阳能系统,光伏组件设计使用寿命应高于25年。目前针对干改冷项目虽未做出强制要求,但相信随着国家双碳工作的推进,未来“光伏+冷库”或成为新的建设趋势。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">三、干改冷案例分享-某天津空港项目</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">改造面积约为9550平方米,改造后的使用功能为冷库。主要贮存低温肉类、海鲜及牛奶等冷冻冷藏食品。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">改造项目选址考虑</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">在选择项目地理位置时根据建设方要求,充分考虑周边环境及交通便利性。该项目所在地距离天津空港货运有限公司直线距离约3公里,距离京津塘高速直线距离约2公里,距离蓟汕高速直线距离约6公里,距离天津外环线直线距离约3.5公里;且方圆5公里范围内没有相应规模的物流冷库,在保证交通便利的同时,还为后期冷库的招商运营降低了同业竞争风险。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">土建消防认证和规划报审</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">改造前期的土建消防和规划报审以及库区结构加固,是本项目实施的重要保证。由于该工程原设计为干仓,按照冷库设计规范及现有消防设计规范的要求,需要重新划分防火区,并进行消防认证。该项目被划分为3个防火区,每个防火区采取了防火性能更强的设计措施,以保证本项目的顺利实施;同时,由于原有月台未封闭,为保证改造后冷库运营的质量,对改造部分的月台进行了封闭处理,并报规划部门重新审批,保证了冷库改造的合规性。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">改造后的冷藏库共分为8间冷藏间和2个穿堂,其中3间变温库,4间低温库,1间中高温库(温区详见下表)。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028608473081.png" title="1660028608473081.png" alt="1660028608473081.png" width="497" height="113" style="width: 497px; height: 113px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">由于建设方对冷库温区的需求较复杂,设计过程中既要充分考虑系统的合理性,又要兼顾系统的节能性。天大设计院在充分满足上述需求的条件下设计出了以下解决方案:</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">01&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">回气管路单独设置</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">在划分制冷系统时,由于冷库温区的划分不同,对于回气管路的设置也有所考虑。低温区为一个系统,但该系统中的一个冷藏间的温度略低,故将该冷藏间的回气管路单独设置;变温区为另一个系统,共有三个冷藏间,考虑到后期运行时三个冷藏间的温度均会有所不同,故三个冷藏间需要分别设置独立的回气管路;中高温冷藏间和穿堂为另一个系统,考虑到中高温冷藏间亦为变温冷藏间,故将该冷藏间的回气管路单独设置。回气管路单独设置后,以上三个系统的制冷机组均可以根据不同的蒸发温度运行,从而达到提高机组能效的目的。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="line-height: 150%"><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028633134287.png" title="1660028633134287.png" alt="1660028633134287.png" width="497" height="388" style="width: 497px; height: 388px;"/><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;line-height:150%;font-size:16px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">制冷系统分区示意图</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">02&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">制冷剂及制冷方式的选择</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">在选择制冷剂及制冷方式时,既要考虑到消防安全性和环保性,又要根据系统的划分保证制冷系统运行的能效性。经过多方评估后选择了氟利昂507直膨式制冷系统,该系统相对于氨制冷系统和二氧化碳系统,安全性较高;相对于氟利昂桶泵系统,初投资较低,且运行能效相差不是很大,既为甲方节省了初投资,又保证了后期运行的能效性。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">03&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">制冷设备和控制系统的选择</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;">在选择制冷设备和控制系统时,必须要考虑设备的能效性和控制系统的灵活性以及有效性。低温库区的压缩机采用汉钟新研制开发的适用较高蒸发温度的双级螺杆压缩机,该双极压缩机相对于传统单级压缩机,能效提高约15%;冷凝器采用欣狮铝制蒸发冷,该蒸发冷具有效率高、重量轻、噪声低、耐腐蚀性高的特点,在保证能效性的前提下,方便运输和安装;冷风机采用逸腾吊装冷风机,该风机具有体积小、噪声低、射程远、效率高的特点,有效节约冷藏间的安装空间;考虑到变温冷藏间的冷风机需要适应不同的蒸发温度,为保证冷风机的高效运行,供液管上的膨胀阀采用电子膨胀,可根据不同的蒸发温度调节供液量;制冷系统的控制采用丹佛斯AKV控制系统,该系统每台冷风机均设有独立的控制模块,既能保证每个冷风机的高效运行,又能保证后期故障检修的时效性,系统节能率提高10~15%。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></p><p><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028694178833.png" style="width: 274px; height: 229px;" title="1660028694178833.png" width="274" height="229" alt="1660028694178833.png"/><img src="/uploads/image/20220809/1660028694188829.png" title="1660028694188829.png" width="274" height="229" alt="1660028694188829.png" style="width: 274px; height: 229px;"/><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 12px;">施工图</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">04&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">制冷机房的位置选择</span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;line-height:150%"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 150%;"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px">制冷机房和蒸发冷有一定噪声,在确定制冷机房的位置时,既要考虑位于负荷中心,又要考虑运行时噪声对周边环境的影响。本项目南侧广场为运输通道,东西侧距离又太远,同时东南侧有一座办公建筑,经过多方位衡量后确定制冷机房设置在该冷库的北侧外墙以外。由于北侧为消防通道,故机房的宽度和高度都要满足规范的要求,设置钢结构平台,制冷机组设置在底层,蒸发冷设置在顶层,有效节省了冷库的存储空间。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 150%;"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 150%;"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 150%;"><span style=";font-family:微软雅黑;font-size:16px"><br/></span></p>
关键词: 冷库工程
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